dementia

dementia
n.
a chronic and progressive deterioration of behaviour and higher intellectual function due to organic brain disease. It is marked by memory disorders, changes in personality, deterioration in personal care, impaired reasoning ability, and disorientation. Dementia is usually a condition of old age, but it can occur in young or middle-aged people. The most common causes are Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia (e.g. Pick's disease), and dementia due to diffuse cortical Lewy body disease. Another common form, multi-infarct dementia, results from the destruction of brain tissue by a series of small strokes. It is important to distinguish these organic conditions from psychological disorders that can cause similar symptoms such as depression (see pseudodementia).

The new mediacal dictionary. 2014.

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